ffmpeg optimization for oculus quest 2.

ffmpeg -i inputvideo.mp4 -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -x264-params mvrange=511 -maxrate 120M -bufsize 150M -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a aac -b:a 192k -r 30 -movflags faststart outputvideo.mp4

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -x264-params mvrange=511 -maxrate 120M -bufsize 150M -vf "scale=5760x2880" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a aac -b:a 192k -r 30 -movflags faststart output.mp4

ffmpeg to resize, speed-up and convert a H265 to gif. 

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter:v "setpts=PTS/2,scale=200:-1" output.gif

from: "Seeing lightness in the dark" by Robert Ennis, Matteo Toscani and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.008

There is only one type of rod, and thus intensity and wavelength differences cannot be disentangled when only the rods are active. Different colors inevitably get mapped onto different shades of gray. The perception of lightness is also different for night vision: our results indicate that surfaces that appear to be white under daylight conditions, at best, appear medium gray under night vision, suggesting that activation of the cones is necessary for the perception of white.

We have shown that the lightness scale undergoes a significant, but asymmetric, compression in the scotopic range: white percepts are not present during scotopic viewing, while black objects are consistently perceived as black across illumination changes. We propose that white is a percept that is elicited by cone activation. This indicates a failure of lightness constancy at low light levels. Even though something appears white during photopic viewing, it does not appear white at scotopic luminance levels, and even white cats at night appear gray.

from: Robert Sapolsky's Stanford lecture, Andrew Huberman's podcast on dopamine and various other papers.

One millisecond before a behavior occurred, what was going on in the brain?

What parts of the brain? What neurotransmitters?

What was it in the environment that triggered the brain to produce that behavior?

What acute hormonal exposure had to do with sensitizing you to the environmental stimulus which released the nervous system into generating the behavior?

You need to get it (the research) in the natural setting, or else you are going to lose all sorts of insight.

People will work like mad in contexts of maybe far more so than when they work in contexts of certainty.

D1 and D2 dopamine receptors:

In monogamous species what happens is right after mating when a pair bond is first formed the second that's over with levels of the D2 receptor go way down, you down regulate the levels of the receptor and you up regulate the levels of the D1 receptor.

If you drive down the D2 levels before they even mate they don't form a pair bond if you prevent the decline in the D2's after they've made it and pair bonded or if you prevent the rise in the D1's, they'll pair bond and eight and a half minutes later they'll go and pair bond with somebody else. D2 seem to mediate the rewarding anticipatory aspects of pair bonding and D1's on a certain rodential level seem to mediate the pleasure of the truly monogamous features of the pair bond.

Dopamine has everything to with how you feel right now, it has everything to do with how you will feel in an hour from now, has everything to do with your motivation and your level of desire and your willingness to push through effort.

Neuromodulators influence the communication of many neurons.

Dopamine is not just responsible for pleasure, it is responsible for motivation, drive and craving at the psychological level. Also controls time perception. Dopamine is vitally important for movement.

The dopaminergic systems are generally divided into four major pathways: mesolimbic, mesocortical, nigrostriatal, and tuberoinfundibular. However, neurons located in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmentum do not demonstrate firing pattern variability in response to sleep/wake changes, as they do in response to movement and reward.

Mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways, mainly driven by dopaminergic projections; but also by norepinephrine and serotonin projections, and modulated by glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (inhibitory). Projections from striatal brain regions to the frontal cortex occur mainly through the thalamic cores, and are influenced by other brain areas such as the amygdala (for the reward/motivational pathways), the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra (for executive control).

The mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways, two of the brain's major dopaminergic pathways, have been implicated as key circuits that are disrupted in addictive behaviors (Blum et al., 2012). Both pathways originate primarily in the ventral tegmental area (VTA); the mesolimbic pathway projects to the nucleus accumbens, and is a part of complex circuits involving the amygdala, hippocampus, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. In contrast, the mesocortical pathway projects primarily to the prefrontal cortex. Rats rapidly learn to press a lever to self-administer an electric pulse to regions along this pathway (Olds and Milner, 1954), and activation of dopaminergic neurons is necessary for this behavior (Garris et al., 1999). Some rats will even forego food and starve themselves to continue receiving stimuli to the VTA (Stutz et al., 1971). Together, these findings indicated that mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) circuitry contribute to the rewarding aspect of a stimulus. Subsequent findings showed that dopaminergic transmission in this system not only respond to rewards, but to the cues that reliably indicate that a reward will or will not arrive (Schultz et al., 1997).

The mesolimbic pathway is characterized by dopaminergic projections from the VTA to nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and olfactory tubercle and is involved in reward processing behavior. Preclinical studies highlight its involvement in reward seeking and reinforcement, and atypical development of this pathway is associated with ADHD and addiction in humans.

/*

Wind Sensor Rev. C to Serial (sending wind speed data in km/h to use in touchdesigner) - 18.05.22 - 13:45

*/

#define analogPinForRV 5
#define analogPinForTMP 4
const float zeroWindAdjustment = .2; // negative numbers yield smaller wind speeds and vice versa. (i have no idea.)

int TMP_Therm_ADunits; //temp termistor value from wind sensor
float RV_Wind_ADunits; //RV output from wind sensor
float RV_Wind_Volts;
unsigned long lastMillis;
int TempCtimes100;
float zeroWind_ADunits;
float zeroWind_volts;
float WindSpeed_MPH;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(57600);
Serial.println();

}

void loop() {

if (millis() - lastMillis > 100) {

TMP_Therm_ADunits = analogRead(analogPinForTMP);
RV_Wind_ADunits = analogRead(analogPinForRV);
RV_Wind_Volts = (RV_Wind_ADunits * 0.0048828125);
TempCtimes100 = (0.005 * ((float)TMP_Therm_ADunits * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits)) - (16.862 * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits) + 9075.4;
zeroWind_ADunits = -0.0006 * ((float)TMP_Therm_ADunits * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits) + 1.0727 * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits + 47.172;
zeroWind_volts = (zeroWind_ADunits * 0.0048828125) - zeroWindAdjustment;

// Thank you Modern Device Wind Sensor Rev. C

WindSpeed_MPH = pow(((RV_Wind_Volts - zeroWind_volts) / .2300) , 2.7265);

Serial.println(WindSpeed_MPH * 1.609);
// Serial.print(" km/h");
// Serial.print(" ");
lastMillis = millis();

// Serial.print(" TMP volts ");
// Serial.print(TMP_Therm_ADunits * 0.0048828125);
// Serial.print(" RV volts ");
// Serial.print((float)RV_Wind_Volts);
// Serial.print("\t TempC*100 ");
// Serial.print(TempCtimes100 );
// Serial.print(" ZeroWind volts ");
// Serial.print(zeroWind_volts);
// Serial.print(" WindSpeed MPH ");
// Serial.println((float)WindSpeed_MPH);
// Serial.print(" mp/h");
// Serial.print(" ");
// use these to debug - check your ground connection.
}

}

/*
esp 32 + wind sensor wifi data send for led wall - km/h wind speed
onurson 27.06.22 15:19
marco 27.06.22
*/

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>

/*-------------------------WIDI & UDP VARIABLES AND INITS-------------------------*/
/* WiFi network name and password */
const char * ssid = "LedWall";
const char * pwd = "*******";
const char * udpAddress = "192.168.0.157";
const int udpPort = 44444;
WiFiUDP udp;

/*-------------------------SENSOR VARIABLES-------------------------*/
const int analogPinForRV = 32;
const int analogPinForTMP = 33;

const float zeroWindAdjustment = .2; // negative numbers yield smaller wind speeds and vice versa.

int TMP_Therm_ADunits; //temp termistor value from wind sensor
float RV_Wind_ADunits; //RV output from wind sensor
float RV_Wind_Volts;
unsigned long lastMillis;
int TempCtimes100;
float zeroWind_ADunits;
float zeroWind_volts;
float WindSpeed_MPH;
float WindSpeed_KMH;

/*------------END OF VARS------------*/

void initWiFi() {
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pwd);
Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi ..");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print('.');
delay(1000);
}
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
initWiFi();

Serial.print("RSSI: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.RSSI());
delay(1000);
}

void loop() {
//read sensor data
if (millis() - lastMillis > 10) { // read every 200 ms - printing slows this down further
TMP_Therm_ADunits = analogRead(analogPinForTMP);
RV_Wind_ADunits = analogRead(analogPinForRV);
RV_Wind_Volts = (RV_Wind_ADunits * 0.0048828125);

TempCtimes100 = (0.005 * ((float)TMP_Therm_ADunits * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits)) - (16.862 * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits) + 9075.4;

zeroWind_ADunits = -0.0006 * ((float)TMP_Therm_ADunits * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits) + 1.0727 * (float)TMP_Therm_ADunits + 47.172; // 13.0C 553 482.39

zeroWind_volts = (zeroWind_ADunits * 0.0048828125) - zeroWindAdjustment;

WindSpeed_MPH = pow(((RV_Wind_Volts - zeroWind_volts) / .2300) , 2.7265);
WindSpeed_KMH = WindSpeed_MPH * 1.609;

lastMillis = millis();
}

//check for data - if data is empty just send 0's
if (isnan(WindSpeed_MPH)) {
WindSpeed_KMH = 0.0;
Serial.println(0.00);
} else {
Serial.println(WindSpeed_KMH, 6);
}

String msg = String(WindSpeed_KMH, 3);
//This initializes udp and transfer buffer
udp.beginPacket(udpAddress, udpPort);
udp.print(msg);
udp.endPacket();

delay(0);

}